미국 의회, 이란에 대한 군사작전 중단 결의안 통과
Congress backed an Iran war powers resolution. Now what? - The Standard (HK)
미국 의회가 이란 전쟁 권한 해제 결의안을 통과시켰으나 트럼프 대통령이 휴전 선언으로 대응하며 방향성이 불분명합니다.
핵심 요약
미국 의회는 이란에 대한 군사작전을 중단하라는 결의안을 통과시켜, 이는 양원 모두를 통과한 첫 사례입니다.
핵심요약
- 1973년 전쟁권력법에 따라 양원 모두를 통과한 첫 번째 결의안
- 60일 기간이 지난 5월 1일 이후 트럼프 대통령이 휴전 선언
- 법적 전문가들은 트럼프 대통령의 주장이 법적 검토를 통과하기 어려울 것이라고 지적
- 동시결의안은 대통령의 서명 없이도 효력이 발생할 수 있다는 법적 논란
도입
이번 결의안 통과는 미국 정치에 미칠 영향이 큽니다. 전쟁권력법에 따른 양원 모두의 결의안 통과는 역사상 처음이며, 트럼프 대통령의 이란 정책에 대한 의회 내부의 반대가 명확해졌습니다. 이는 향후 미국과 이란의 관계뿐만 아니라 국제 정세에도 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.
본문 1: 전쟁권력법의 법적 의미
1973년 전쟁권력법은 대통령의 전쟁 권한을 제한하기 위해 제정되었습니다. 이번 결의안은 이 법에 따라 통과된 첫 번째 사례로, 법적 의미가 큽니다. 법적 전문가들은 트럼프 대통령이 휴전 선언을 한 것이 법적 검토를 통과하기 어려울 것이라고 지적하고 있습니다. 이는 향후 대통령의 군사적 결정에 대한 의회 내부의 감시를 강화할 수 있는 계기가 될 것입니다.
본문 2: 정치적 영향
이번 결의안 통과는 트럼프 대통령의 이란 정책에 대한 내부 반대를 보여줍니다. 이는 트럼프 대통령의 재선 캠페인에도 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 또한, 이번 결의안이 대통령의 서명 없이도 효력이 발생할 수 있다는 법적 논란은 향후 미국의 외교 정책에 대한 의회 내부의 역할이 강화될 수 있는 계기가 될 것입니다.
결론
이번 결의안 통과는 미국 정치와 국제 정세에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 사건입니다. 향후 트럼프 대통령의 이란 정책과 의회 내부의 관계, 그리고 국제 정세의 변화가 주목됩니다. 이번 결의안이 법적 효력을 가지는지 여부도 중요한 관측 포인트가 될 것입니다.
Original Article
Congress backed an Iran war powers resolution. Now what? - The Standard (HK)
This week both the Republican-led U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate passed a resolution directing President Donald Trump to withdraw U.S. forces from hostilities with Iran, reflecting growing concern among members of his party about the conflict that began on February 28.
The U.S. Senate passed the War Powers concurrent resolution on Tuesday directing President Trump to halt U.S. military activity against Iran, weeks after the measure was approved by the House.
It is the first time such a resolution has passed both chambers of Congress.
This is a look at the U.S. war powers law and what might happen next.
Congress passed the War Powers Resolution law, more commonly known as the War Powers Act, in 1973 as a check on presidential power in response to the unpopular Vietnam War. The Act requires the president to inform Congress within 48 hours of hostilities and says military action begun without Congress' approval must be terminated within 60 days, unless there is an emergency.
With Iran, the 60-day deadline was May 1, which Trump addressed by declaring that the hostilities had been "terminated" by a ceasefire, despite continuing attacks and a blockade of Iranian ports. Legal experts said that argument might not survive judicial scrutiny.
The 1973 law also established procedures for Congress to vote on war powers resolutions to end hostilities not authorized by lawmakers. These resolutions are privileged, meaning they can be brought up for votes even without the approval of House of Representatives and Senate leaders.
Opponents of the concurrent resolution - defined as measures passed by both the House and Senate reflecting the sentiments of both chambers - say it does not have the force of law because it will not be sent to the White House for Trump to sign or veto.
However, legal experts said the issue is not settled law. No concurrent resolution under the 1973 war powers law had passed since the law was enacted.
"The executive branch will likely ignore it on constitutional grounds, and it’s not clear who might have standing to sue to enforce it," said Scott Anderson, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and senior editor of the online legal publication Lawfare, although he added that he expected someone would.
Democratic Representative Gregory Meeks of New York, who filed the House resolution, said his view is that the concurrent resolution is legally binding and said he would explore every legal avenue to ensure Trump complies with the will of Congress.
Sponsors of the war powers resolutions say the U.S. Constitution gives only Congress, not the president, the power to authorize the use of military force, although there is significant precedent for presidents ordering short-term operations to counter an immediate threat.
And even though multiple resolutions have been filed - and failed - in the Senate and House since the U.S. and Israel began firing on Iran, backers say the close votes send an important signal that lawmakers are trying to take back their power to declare war and rein in Trump's White House.
Senate Republicans narrowly blocked a resolution as recently as late Wednesday night, as two party members switched their votes after Trump berated them at an angry lunch meeting.
"The war powers resolution that was passed by the House sends a strong signal to the president that lawmakers across the aisle think that this war has gone on for too long and violates the war powers resolution as well as the Constitution," said Katherine Yon Ebright, a war powers expert at the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University.
Opponents call the resolutions political posturing that emboldens U.S. enemies and improperly impinges on the president's powers as commander in chief.
The unpopular Iran war could affect elections in November that will determine whether Trump's Republicans retain control of Congress. A Reuters/Ipsos poll released this week showed that just one in four Americans believe the war is worth its costs and a majority worry that a truce with Tehran is unlikely to last.
The poll also showed the war weighing heavily on Trump's popularity, with his approval rating dropping to 34%.